|
||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
Terrorist
Helpers By Anne Bayefsky Recent UN actions indicate that the role of the UN is to encourage terrorism rather than to fight it, beginning with the UN refusal to define terrorism. Even today it is unable to produce a comprehensive international treaty against terrorism that would identify universal standards of behaviour. The Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) has the UN working group on the subject in a choke-hold. The OIC claims there is a difference between murder in the name of self-determination and terrorism. As an OIC treaty claims, terrorism is not "armed struggle against foreign occupation, aggression, colonialism, and hegemony, aimed at liberation and self-determination." Or as the Arab terrorism convention puts it, "all cases of struggle by whatever means" for approved causes are exempt. In April 2002 in Kuala Lumpur the OIC adopted a "Declaration on International Terrorism," in which they made the point even plainer: "We reject any attempt to associate Islamic states or Palestinian and Lebanese resistance with terrorism." These formal declarations are not an abstraction. In the UN they find a willing partner. Free from the constraints of a definition of terrorism, on September 3 and 4, UN Headquarters hosted a conference called "End the Occupation!". UN officials went on a spending spree: 10 hours of webcast, films in the lunch break, a photo exhibit in the official UN conference room, and multiple publications from non-governmental organisations. Examples of the information flow under UN auspices: criticism that the "Zionism is racism" General Assembly resolution was revoked, a large map describing "the Zionist Invasion of 1948," various documents describing the "catastrophe/Al Nakba" of the creation of Israel as "the largest planned ethnic cleansing in modern history," discussions of an invited participants proposal for a "one-state solution". For his part, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan thanked the responsible UN committee "for organising this event." The UNs inability to recognise terrorism makes it equally incapable of recognising self-defence against terrorism. On September 8, the secretary-general "condemn[ed] [the] attempt by Israel to assassinate the Hamas spiritual leader Sheikh Ahmad Yassin." Annan said it was an "extrajudicial killing" "in violation of international law." On September 10, a few hours after Israelis were butchered in a Jerusalem cafe in a suicide-bombing perpetrated by Hamas, Israel attempted to kill senior Hamas leader Mahmoud al-Zahar. UN Special Coordinator for the Middle East Peace Process, Terje Roed-Larsen, said he "deplores Israels bombing of a Hamas leaders house in a densely populated Gaza neighbourhood, which killed three and injured at least 30." On August 21, two days after Hamas massacred 23 people, from age three months, and mutilated 115 others on the streets of Israels capital, Israel killed Hamas leader Ismail Abu Shanab. Annan said: "Israel does not have the right to resort to extrajudicial measures, as it used today in the Gaza Strip... The secretary-general calls upon the government of Israel to... halt its current military actions." Israel targeted Yassin, al-Zahar and Shanab because they were a central part of the command and control structure of a terrorist organisation. They were combatants in a war. They were therefore not entitled to a judicial process before an attempt to kill them. Their deaths would therefore not be "extrajudicial killings." The UNs denial of the necessities of self-defence when it comes to Israel takes another form. The key international rule governing the use of force against terrorists is the requirement of proportionality. The Geneva Conventions say an attack on a military target "which may be expected to cause incidental loss of civilian life" is prohibited if "excessive." Only in Israels case does the UN apply this rule to mean zero civilian deaths. On September 9, Israel targeted and killed two senior Hamas military-wing terrorists, Ahmed Uthman Muhammad Badr and Izzedin Hadr Shams-Edin Misq, in Hebron. At the time the two were "ticking bombs." They were engaged in planning suicide attacks in Israel in the very short term. Weapons and ammunition were found on their bodies. The response from the UN? Roed-Larsen "expressed serious alarm over the latest violence in the Middle East... after an Israeli operation yesterday in Hebron, in which a 12-year-old boy was killed... Israel has an obligation under international humanitarian law to protect civilians and refrain from the use of disproportionate force." This is a complete fabrication of the tenets of international humanitarian law. The Geneva Conventions say the presence of "civilians shall not be used to render... areas immune from military operations... in attempts to shield military objectives from attack." It is the Palestinian Authority that violates international humanitarian law by putting civilians, deliberately and directly, in harms way. The UNs refusal to deplore the Palestinian Authoritys cold-blooded complicity in the use of Palestinian civilians as human shields encourages terrorism. As for the kingpin, Yasser Arafat, the Security Council convened immediately in response to Israels suggestion that Arafat is a terrorist deserving of concomitant treatment. On September 16, the US was forced to exercise its veto, as 11 of 15 members voted in favour of the draft resolution. The resolution expressed grave concern about "extrajudicial killings and suicide-bombing," objected to any threat to remove Arafat, and made no mention of the Aqsa Martyrs Brigades and company. Israeli officials have repeatedly given hard evidence: the Karine A arms shipment from Iran to the Palestinian Authority, the cheques for the Palestinian Preventive Security Services terrorist weapons manufacturing operations, the money flowing to the Tanzim and Aqsa Martyrs Brigades from the Palestinian Authority, the speeches in Arabic encouraging martyrdom. But at the UN, in Israels case, smoking guns do not a terrorist make. In the war against terrorism the UN is now part of the problem, not the solution.
The writer is an international lawyer and professor at York University, Toronto, Canada. She represented the International Association of Jewish Lawyers and Jurists at the Durban NGO Forum, and UN Watch at the World Conference Against Racism. © The Jerusalem Post, reprinted by permission. |
|||
|
|
|
Copyright
© AIJAC 2003 |